Electromagnetic apparatus



M. C. A. LATOUR. uacmommwsnc APPARATUS.

APPLICATION FILED AUG-2. l9]!- l,367,915. Patented Feb. 8, 1921.

Attorney.

Y convenient frequency.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

MARIUS G. A. LATOUB, OF PARIS, FRANCE.

mncrnomae nrxc APPARATUS..

13m ns.

ful Improvements in Electromagnetic Apparatus, of which-the following isa specication.

This invention relates to electro-magnetic apparatus. by means of whicha given mass can bemade to oscillate or vibrate L at any i Inparticular, the

apparatus makes it possible to construct a vibrator that can be used forsubmarine telegr'aphy or telephong. The ordinary telep one represents-the -'typical apparatus of the kind We are about to describe.

In theaccompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic illustration ofone form of my invention; Fig. 2 shows a modification in which a singlepair of energizing coils is employed for both direct and alternatingcurrents; Fig. 3 is a modificationin' which a condenser is employed toprevent the return of the continuous current toward" the source ofalternating current; Fig; 4, illustrates a form of my invention in w ichripposed electro-motive forces are employed;

ig. 4" shows a modification in which the windings are arranged in themanner of a- VVheatstonc bridge; Fig. 5 illustrates an arrangement inwhich a unitary flow is produced by means of a mercury rectifier; Fig. 6shows the magnets eachprovided with a series of poles for the purpose ofreducing the magnetic flux per pair ofpoles; Fig. 7 shows a multipolararrangement similar to that of Fig. 6 but with the vibratory massconnected to opposed resilient means; and Fig. 8 shows the manner ofobviating excessively high voltages across the winding by dividing thewinding and inserting ca-- pacities.

Referring to Fig. 1, the mass of iron M is equally attracted by the twoelectromagnets A and A, excited by the source of continuous current Swhich supplies current to the windings E and E. The windings B and B aretraversed by an alternating current in such a way that the magnetic fluxproduced by the alternating current is added to that of the directcurrent in one magnet and is opposed inthe other magnet, whereby theattractive force of one magnet is neutralized and the other increased ateach alterna- Specification of Letters Patent:

tion. Under these circumstances it is clear that the mass of iron Mwill. be subjected to an alternating attraction assoon as an alternatingvoltage is applied between the terminals 1 and 2, and that consequentlythe mass will vibrate with the'frequenc of the alternating-voltage thatis applied at these terminals.

The direction of excitation of the two electromagnets maybe such thatthe poles that Patented 8, 1921. Application filed August 2, 1917.Serial No. 184,181.

face one. another are of the same sign or of opposite signs; the onlyadvantage of their being of op osite signs is in order that thecontinuous ux-may not complete its path in the'material of the movablemass 'AC( 30 1d1l'1g to the invention, the same wlndlngs may be used forthe continuouscurrent excitation and for the alternatingc'urrent supply.Figs. 2, 3', 4 and 5 illustrate difi'ere'nt constructional forms.

- In Fig. 2 is shown a coil t, gwhich may be the secondary of the transormer connected to the source of supply of alternatin current).-The'alternatm'g current is led into the apparatus between the terminals1 and 2. while thefsource'of continuous "current S is branched betweenthe point com, mon to the windings KB, and themiddle,

point? of the ,c0il t According to F ig.3,

the windings B and B, of the electromagnets A and A, are 'both suppliedwith current by shunting across the terminals 1 and 2 of thesource'of'alternating current; and the source of continuous current S isbranched at any 1point of the circuit of the windings B and 1consideredas'being connected in ser e relatively to this source. A

condenser G prevents the return of the continuous current toward thesource of alternating current. 1 Y

In'Fig. 4, the source S' has been divided into two parts S and Ssymmetrically arranged w1th respect to one.another in such a way as toobviate the returnof the continuous current toward'the source ofalternating current in consequence of the electromotive forces S and 8being put into opposition relatively to the source of alternatingcurrent.

The windings B and E may each be divided into two windings B, B and BB,-; so as to constitute the four arms of 0. Wheatstone bridge, as shownin Fig.'4". The 8.1- ternating current will be led to the two ends ofone diagonal and the continuous current tothe two ends of the otherdiagonal. The

two windings B, B, as well as the two windings B B constituterespectively the two opposite arms of the bridge.

Finally it will be realized that the electromagnet may be fed withintermittent current obtained for instance by means of a.

may be supplied with two-phase currents I sin t and cos 1., ledrespectively to the coils B and B and all continuous-current excitationmay be dispensed with.

Under these circumstances the attractions on vthe two faces of thearmature M will be at the same instant proportional to sin 6 and cos it.

' generator. v

The armature M will be urged by the difference between these twoattractions, that is to say. by a force proportional to sin t cos 1..

The mass M therefore will vibrate at double the frequency of thetwo-phase currents that feed the apparatus, and perfectl symmetricalworking will be obtained fbr the half-vibrations going and returning.

The use of two-phase current will lead to that of a two-phase generator,which might prove more economical both in construction and in efiiciencythan a monophase In the apparatus described the electromagnets and themovable mass M are laminated so as to eliminate the Foucault currents.The lates of the movable be assembled by mere gripping. It is advantageous to reduce the volume of the mass M as muchas possible. Tothis end multipolar apparatus will be constructed in practice, asillustrated in Fig. 6, so as to reduce the thickness of themagneticcircuits. The flux per pair of poles being reduced as much as isdesired by multiplying the number of pairs of poles, it followstherefromthat as small a sectibn as is desired may be adopted for themass M. In fact it could even be constructed in the form of a thin fullplate like the plate of a telephone. a

In Fig. 7 it is assumed that the polar system is divided into twopartsin such a way as to allow for the use of' the spindle that controls thevibrating this figure springs R, B, have been shownmass P, and in themass M at rest in its mean which kee For. the springs R, R, anyequivaposition.

lent resilient device such as pneumatic pistons, membranes fastenedalong their peripheries orother suitable device may be substituted.

mass may.

The air gap of the apparatus is in all cases made very small. The plateP, may be connected to the mass M through the medium of levers thatincrease the amplitude of the oscillations.

It is to-be observed that in order to bring the value of the powerfactor of the appa- 'ratus to unity. it will be necessary to connect acapacity in series with the alternatingcurrent circuit, unless theelasticity of the system sufiices for the purpose.

n account of this elasticity it may even be realized that the apparatussupplies wattless current to the network and it may be utilized for thisspecial purpose.

Suitable air-holes may be provided for ventilation.

i In' drder to obviate excessively high voltnating current it masections, each of w age on the winding traversed by the alter be dividedinto several ich would comprise 9. ca acity C in series, as illustratedin Fig. 8.

llhe alternator employed for the pur ose of supplying current to-theapparatus might in the case of submarine apparatus be the same one thatserves for the radiotelegraphic station if required,

The apparatus that we have described is applicable to all cases in whichit is desired to make a mass oscillate whatever may be the suchoscillapractical result obtained with be converted tion. It may inparticular into a simple telephone.

The apparatus works reversibly, that is to say, if the mass M is set inoscillation an electromotive force appears in the coils B, B

In this way an electrical generator is obtained which can operateas anacoustical receiver. It may be indicated that the ap paratus isutilizable for submarine telegraphy as above set forth in the prelude tothe descriptive portion of the specification. ltloreover, referringparticularly to Fig. 7 of the drawing, it is observed, by way of furtherillustration ofthe use of my invention, that the piston p upon bein luned into water, oscillates and provides r indicating submarinetelegraphy, as for example by the well. known Fessenden oscillator. Likesaid oscillator, my apparatus may be employed either as a generator, oras a receiver for submarine telegraphy.

\Vhat I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the UnitedStates is z- 1. Elcctro-magnetic apparatus including opposed sets ofelectro-magnetic poles, a magnetizable body vibratably positionedbetween said poles, a continuous-current energizing means for certainsets of poles and an alternating current-energizing means foralternating sets of poles.

2. Electro-ma netic apparatus, including opposed sets of electromagnetic poles, a magnetizable body vibrata ly positioned between saidpoles, the poles of each electro- ,said electro-magnets, eac

magnet having alternating polarity, a con tinuous-current energizingmeans for cer tain poles and gizin" means for alternating sets of poles.

3. *lcctro-magnetie apparatus, including oppositely arrangedelectro-magnets, a magnetizable body vibratably )ositioned between ofsaid electromagnets having several poles integral therewith, the polesof each electro-magnet having alternating polarity, the poles of onemagnet being opposite those of the other magnet and arranged in sets, acontinuous current-energizing means for certain sets of poles and analternating current-energizing means for alternating sets of poles.

4. Electromagnetic apparatus, including opposed electro-magnets, a bodyof magnetic material vibratably positioned between said electro-magnets,a source of continuous current and a source of alternating currenthaving capacities connected in series therean alternating current-enerwith, said sources being connected to the energizing coils of saideleotro-magnets.

5. Electro-magnetic apparatus, comprising oppositely arrangedelectro-magnets, each havin a plurality of pairs of poles, the poles 0one being alined with the poles of the otherfa body of magnetic materialinterposed therebetween, windin on alind poles of the electromagnets,said windings being connected in series with a sourceof continuouselectric current, windings on other of the alined poles of theelectro-magnets, said latter windings being connected in series with Intestimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

, MARIUS C. A. LATOUR. \Vitnesses V EMILE BERTRAND, CHAS. P. PRESSLY.

a source of alternating currentfor the purpose set forth.

